Literary Analysis Essay

Question: Examine about theLiterary Analysis Essay. Answer: Presentation Rudyard Kipling, through his ageless works of art, acquainted the idea of composing with the youngsters. In the piece, we will think about two stories (How the letter was composed and How the letter set wad made) under the British creator Kiplings Just so stories. The two stories, wrote somewhere around Rudyard Kipling, render a clear tone. The narratives formed by Kipling are trustworthy. Simultaneously, the tales give us a complete review about the origin of composing. Both the pieces focused on the visit of the Neolithic man and thought about their comprehension of the English letters in order. Through these two stories, Rudyard Kipling granted a lot of information on English letters in order to the youngsters (Shires). In the primary fragment, the story How the letter was composed that falls under the classification of Kiplings Just so stories, manages a Neolithic cavern individuals and their appreciation of the English letters in order. Displayed on the totem stories, Rudyard Kipling appeared in the story that the Neolithic individuals utilized different signs, images and transient materials to pass on their messages. In the story, Kipling indicated that a Neolithic man took his little youngster for fishing. While fishing, the little youngster contemplated on a genuine inquiry identified with the absence of composing effectiveness. During that time, they experienced an outsider from another clan, who didn't know about Tegumais language (Kipling). The outsider gave a major level bit of bark to the young lady and caused her to comprehend that he was a harmless soul. Then again, the young lady felt that the outsider was requesting her moms address. The young lady requested that he loan his shark tooth and wrote on it, which the outsider confused as something mystical. The creator Rudyard Kipling composed, Oh! said she. Presently I see! You need my Mummys living location? Obviously, I cannot compose, however I can draw pictures if Ive anything sharp to scratch with. If it's not too much trouble loan me the sharks tooth off your neckband (Page 31). The specific concentrate clarified how individuals utilized pass on their messages to other people. Simultaneously, they countenanced shifted issues identified with composing and language. There was no homogenous language strategy during that time. Individuals from one clan didn't comprehend the language of another clan (Murphy). The individuals of the Stone Age confronted this incident. In another, the story, How the letters in order was made falls under the rubric of Kiplings Just so stories. In the specific piece, How the letter set was made, the scope of letters in order began with a fish, a part of bark and bogs of mud. The story rotates around the little Neolithic cavern young lady who utilized different materials to compose and give dazzling astonishment to her dad. The piece involves how the Neolithic men began to get language and use it consistently. Drawing on the idea of Mythological assorted variety of language, the author expects to intertwine the two settings. Folklore doesn't clarify the commencement of language. Notwithstanding, it explains one point unmistakably (Barbour). Folklore shows the need of entangling the language designs. The worldview of language unpredictability is remarkable, as/Xam has a lot. For instance, in any event 24 verbal particles that precedes the action word implies the state of mind and tense. Simultaneously, exactly six verbal additions show intermittent topics and incitation of English sentence structure (Evans). Reference Barbour, Ian G.Myths, models and ideal models. Harper Collins, 2013. https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062276421/legends models-and-standards Evans, Vyvyan.The language legend: Why language isn't an impulse. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Kipling, Rudyard.Just so stories. Arbitrary House, 2013. Murphy, Ruth. Kipling s Just So Stories: The Recapitulative Child and Evolutionary Progress.The Child Savage, 18902010: From Comics to Games(2016). Shires, Linda M. Shared Adaptation in Rudyard Kipling's Letters to His Children and Just So Stories.Children's Literature43.1 (2015): 182-207.

Jesus Is Life Essays - Religion, Prophets Of Islam, Apocalypticists

Jesus Is Life Jesus' Life ?Do you see Him, do you see Him?!? the young man murmured, while pulling on his dad's robe. ?Shh, Simon. Persistence. He will be here soon. Would you be able to hear the group getting stronger John asked his child. He was attempting to seem quiet, however his pulsating heart and perspiring palms parted with him. He and his child were in a horde of hundreds standing by to see Jesus of Nazareth. Individuals were guaranteeing that Jesus was the Messiah they had been sitting tight for. John was doubtful, so he figured he would go see with his own eyes. Jesus Christ was conceived in Bethlehem, the city of David. While this may appear to be standard to a few, the conditions paving the way to were most certainly not. Mary was pledged to wed Joseph, yet before they had dozed together, she discovered she was pregnant. Joseph was prepared to cancel it unobtrusively, when a heavenly attendant of the Lord came to him saying, ? Joseph, child of David, don't be hesitant to take Mary home as your significant other, in light of the fact that what is imagined in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will bring forth a child, and you are to give him the name Jesus, since he will spare His kin from their wrongdoings.? (Matt. 1:20,21) Joseph at that point took Mary home as his significant other, and they didn't lay together until Jesus was conceived. This demonstrates to us Jesus was conceived of God, not of man. He was God's child, irreproachable, unadulterated, and sacred. (Mt.1:18-24) Consistently Jesus and His folks would go to Jerusalem for the Passover Feast. The year when Jesus was twelve, they went of course; be that as it may, after the Feast days. They discovered Him in the Temple showing the instructors. (Luke 2:41-50) ?When His folks saw Him, they were surprised. His mom said to Him, ?Son, why have you treated us like this? Your dad and I have been restlessly been looking for you.' ?Why were you scanning for me?' Jesus inquired. ?Didn't you realize I must be in my Father's home' (Luke 2:48,49) He at that point left with His folks back to Nazareth ?and was loyal to them.? (Luke 2:51b) This shows Jesus' adoration for His Heavenly Father, just as His regard and compliance to His natural guardians. John the Baptist, Jesus' cousin, had been ?lecturing in the desert of Judea and saying, ?Repent, for the realm of Heaven is close'.? (Matt 3:1b,2) He was lecturing the route for Jesus and satisfying Isaiah's prediction, ?A voice of one calling: ?In the desert set up the path for the Lord; make straight in the wild an interstate for our Lord'.? (Isa. 40:3) People from all over Jerusalem were coming to be immersed by John the Baptist. In spite of the fact that he sanctified through water them, he ensured every one of his activities highlighted Jesus. (Matt. 3:1-12) ? I absolve you with water for contrition. In any case, after me will come one who is more impressive than I, whose shoes I am not fit to convey. He will sanctify through water you with the Holy Spirit.? (Matt. 3:11) While John was at the Jordan River absolving, Jesus came and requested that John purify through water him. ?Be that as it may, John attempted to stop him, saying, ?I should be sanctified through water by you, an d do you come to me?' Jesus answered, ?Let is be so now; it is appropriate for us to do this to satisfy all uprightness.' Then John assented.? (Matt 3:14,15) After Jesus came up from the water ? A voice from paradise stated, ?this is my Son, whom I love; with him I am very much satisfied'.? (Matt 3:17) Jesus was setting a model for us to follow. Submersion speaks to our demise to sin, and our new life in Christ. After his sanctification, ?Jesus was driven by the Spirit into the desert to be enticed by the villain.? (Matt. 4:1) Jesus was in the desert for forty days and nights,0 and Satan enticed him the whole time. Jesus utilized sacred writing to battle Satan, and Jesus came out the victor of the battle.(Matt. 4:1-11) Not long after his enticement, Jesus heard that John the Baptist had been placed into jail, he at that point left Nazareth and returned up to Galilee. (Matt. 4:12-17) There he started to lecture ?apologize for the

Critical Analysis of Research Articleâ€Free Samples foe Students

Questions: What is PAT model and why it is utilized in logical bookkeeping examines? How successfully has PAT model aided in accomplishing the logical points and goals of bookkeeping research? What are the ebb and flow holes in PAT model that should be satisfied for its fruitful appropriation in quantitative bookkeeping explores? Answers: Presentation The bookkeeping field since past decades has embraced the utilization of positive bookkeeping investigates for picking up information about the truth of bookkeeping rehearses o business associations. The writer Paul v Dunmore, in such manner, has built up an exploration article entitled Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research to assess the hugeness of positive bookkeeping looks into. This paper has attempted the basic examination of the exploration article for dissecting its primary contentions and builds up a comprehension of positive bookkeeping looks into. The point of the scrutinize of the article did in this paper is to assess the significant ideas of positive bookkeeping hypothesis and its application in bookkeeping inquires about. The contentions in the examination article are identified with the convenience of executing positive hypothesis ideas in bookkeeping investigates (Dunmore, 2009). The basic investigation of the examination article has been helped through givin g its concise rundown, expressing the exploration questions, talking about its hypothetical structure, outlining the hugeness and restrictions and finally summing up its central matters in the end area. Synopsis of Article The exploration article has outlined the ebb and flow hole in positive bookkeeping looks into that should be improved using better hypothetical ideas in contrast with the model of positive bookkeeping. The hypothesis of positive bookkeeping was expressed to be created on the standard of common science and hence has been utilized broadly in positive bookkeeping explores. The primary purpose for the utilization of PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) model in bookkeeping examines is to keep up the logical idea of such looks into. The bookkeeping examines fuse the utilization of logical guidelines and standards for settling complex bookkeeping issues. All things considered, the examines include the utilization of hypothesis that are logical in nature and in this way can accomplish a suitable response for the logical points and targets of bookkeeping inquires about. All things considered, the PAT model created by Watts and Zimmerman in 1970s finds broad use in logical bookkeeping explores (B azrafshan and Talebnia, 2016). Nonetheless, the exploration article has delineated different holes in this model has affected its relevance in logical bookkeeping inquires about. The significant issues called attention to by the writer in the given research article are shortcoming of the rationale of speculation testing. Likewise, the ideas of the PAT model must be utilized as a focal point to see the truth of bookkeeping rehearses yet neglects to give its proper clarification. The hypothesis additionally just clarifies the reason for discerning human conduct in bookkeeping and can't give a response to the non-objective causes (Boland and Gordon, 2010). The there is additionally not ready to give a quantifiable yield in bookkeeping investigates and in this manner is respected to be not proper by the writer for utilizing in bookkeeping examines. The hypothesis of positive bookkeeping just shows the connection between two factors through utilizing specially appointed quantitative models. Along these lines, the model of PAT can't show a testable connection between the bookkeeping factors that depends on scientific research. The creator has likewise analyzed the logical idea of positive bookkeeping investigates exhaustive the utilization of Poppers adulteration measure. The general research article has summed up the insufficiencies in PAT model with the mean to improve the result accomplished from bookkeeping inquires about (Dunmore, 2009). Research Question The exploration article has expected to break down and look at the ebb and flow disadvantages in the PAT model and gave proposals to progress in bookkeeping inquires about. The writing audit of the examination article depends on showing the hugeness and inadequacies in positive bookkeeping hypothesis. Accordingly, the primary research question created from analyzing the writing audit of the article is expressed as Does Positive Accounting Research gives a proper comprehension of the bookkeeping writing? According to this fundamental research question, the investigation additionally expects to give answer to the accompanying sub-examine questions: Hypothetical Framework The hypothetical substance of the examination article has been created by breaking down and assessing the discoveries of different writers according to the utilization of positive hypothesis in bookkeeping inquires about. The exploration article has inspected the positive way to deal with bookkeeping investigates through the assistance of evaluating the data assembled by different scientists in this specific situation. According to the examination article, the positive bookkeeping investigates are respected to be a logical venture that are attempted to give a clarification of the circumstances and logical results connections of this present reality. The truth of bookkeeping rehearses is investigated through positivist examines using ideas gave by positive bookkeeping hypothesis. The hypothesis gives expectations about this present reality circumstances and changes them into bookkeeping exchanges (Setyorini and Ishak, 2012). Thusly, the hypothesis is used by speculators and loan boss so as to anticipate the bookkeeping arrangements a business firm will choose or the effect of another strategy change on their budgetary exhibition. The hypothesis of PAT depends on monetary standards and therefore was accepted to be to a great extent helpful in perceiving the financial results of a specific circumstance. Subsequently, the hypothesis is utilized in accomplishing the logical targets of bookkeeping looks into as it depends on guideline of financial aspects and common science (Tehrani et al., 2009). The best comprehension of the PAT model to be founded on logical nature was given by Popper. The distortion measure of Popper was utilized for dismissing speculations professed to be logical through the assistance of misrepresentation method. The methodology includes acquiring quantitative testable expectations from an individual hypothesis and testing them based on distortion. The forecasts of the hypothesis whenever end up being distorted with looking at them from the expectations of old speculations are opposed on logical premise. The writer in the hypothetical system of the exploration article has additionally brought up that the idea of positive investigates is a lot more extensive when contrasted with the positive hypothesis (Dunmore, 2009). The bookkeeping investigates will in general clarify both objective just as non-judicious parts of human conduct in bookkeeping settings. In any case, the utilization of PAT model is just end up being effective in clarifying the reason for balanced human conduct (Ghanbari et al., 2016). Likewise, the insufficiencies present in both subjective and quantitative positive bookkeeping looks into has been delineated in the exploration article. The ebb and flow hole as expressed in the subjective bookkeeping research is that it can just assistance in survey a true circumstance and can't give a clarification to its event (Whittington, 2007). The ebb and flow insufficiency of quantitative positive bookkeeping research is that it depends more on the rationale of factual theory advancement instead of on the idea of estimation. The creator has suggested that quantitative bookkeeping inquires about ought to be founded on estimation of ideas so it result are reproducible (Dunmore, 2009). Accordingly, the hypothetical structure has been created by the creator that gives the present tolerabilities present in the positive bookkeeping hypothesis model that should be improved. This is vital for accomplishing a superior result from the logical bookkeeping inquires about and delineating the truth of bookkeeping rehearses (Wolk, Dodd and Rozycki, 2008). Noteworthiness and Limitations of the Article The article will give to be of a high incentive for bookkeeping specialists for accomplishing a superior result from quantitative bookkeeping looks into. The bookkeeping specialists will build up a comprehension of the holes in PAT model and the need present in bookkeeping examines. The creator has likewise given proposals to progress in bookkeeping looks into that will help in building up a superior hypothetical model for leading logical ventures in bookkeeping inquires about. The undue dependence on the utilization of PAT model in quantitative bookkeeping examines will be confined through the writer contentions against the utilization of PAT model. Notwithstanding, the exploration study is additionally connected with certain constraints that can bring up issues in regards to its believability and legitimacy to be utilized in future bookkeeping looks into. The significant constraint of the examination is that it investigates and investigations just subjective information that has be en assembled from crafted by past specialists. The examination has delineated the utilization of subjective research approach and the investigation is simply engaging (CTI Reviews, 2016). The investigation has not investigated any new measurement representing the advantages and analysis with the utilization of PAT model in bookkeeping inquires about. These restrictions have adversely affected the centrality of the exploration article to be utilized in future setting. This examination comes up short on any objectivity without assortment of any essential information to help the hypothetical substance expressed by the writer in the article. The exploration study being just emotional needs unwavering quality according to perusers. The show of functional discoveries on the side of subjective discoveries proposed by the creator is important to keep up the believability of the examination and increment its unwavering quality for utilizing in future bookkeeping inquires about (Dunmore, 2009 ). End It very well may be summed up from the exploration article that positive bookkeeping hypothesis is mostly utilized for clarifying the reali

Harm Of Substance Abuse During Pregnancy - Free Essay Example

Substance abuse during pregnancy The controversy of substance abuse during pregnancy has initiated speculation regarding matters of consequences specifically, treatment vs. punishment. There has been incredible speculation as well as various questions asked regarding this matter. Should the mother be held accountable for her actions and face the consequences or should she be given the right to appropriate treatment? In the United States there are a wide range of different stances on this issue such as a severely illicit viewpoint to where the mother should be faced with harsh punishments because of the effects dealt to the fetus to one that really emphasizes the concern of the mothers mental health and the importance of getting treatment that copes with this issue. It is hoped that by raising awareness on these issues, policy enforcers throughout the United States will consider the approach that views both the mother and fetus as humanely as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The complexities of dealing with this issue are not easily overcome. There are essentially pros and cons that stem from both perspectives however, mothers facing substance abuse during pregnancy especially those who are addicted should be obligated to get professional treatment to help herself as well as her fetus as opposed to being looked down upon as a criminal who disregards human life because that just may not be the case.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Statistically, about 12% of the adult population in the United States suffers from some form of substance abuse. This number boosts to 28% if we include substance or mental health disorders which often times than not are inseparable from one another. Whats being done to punish women for facing this crisis of substance abuse during pregnancy far surpasses whats being done to combat punishment and focus on the treatment regarding the mother and the fetus. As NCBI states The cost of society of drug use including crime, health care and reduced work productivity was estimated at over 300 billion dollars annually (NCBI 1). This is far more that was spent on the treatment of substance abuse which the total expenditure was only 13 billion dollars annually in 2005. This disparity between both consequences shows that there could be far more spending for treatment programs for women facing this problem.   In addition, maternal prenatal substance abuse has always been around. Although some people may believe that the fetus must be protected and is severely invulnerable we must also engage in the mothers wellbeing and health as well. Getting treatment and help from this substance abuse crisis can result in a tremendous increase in the amount of women not facing substance abuse. By punishing them, they are not being exposed to a positive environment in which they can grow from and will result in only negative consequences. Firstly, if women are punished they are not being put in a position to cope with their problem and try and disengage in substance abuse. The punishment will only want them to continue using illicit and licit drugs. Secondly, women who are punished often face cruel stress which can lead to problematic outcomes for the fetus which can be irreversible. This starts with policymakers within and throughout the United States. One way to combat this epidemic of substance abuse during pregnancy would be behavioral interventions. In Hendree E Jones article Drug Addiction during Pregnancy: Advances in Maternal Treatment and Understanding Child Outcomes, she makes note that Drug use occurs in the absence of other positive reinforces. Thus, drug use can be eliminated by increasing the density of non-drug positive reinforces and decreasing the positive reinforces attained from substance use (Jones 127). One example of behavioral intervention would be contingency management which essentially is a system that conveys reinforcing rewards that are rectifiable for goods and services or punishing consequences that are contingent on behavior such as providing a negative drug test. Jones also states This intervention has been subsequently used in a variety of addicted populations including nicotine, heroin, and poly-drug users. In 85% of reports publ ished, this type of intervention produced significant changes in target behaviors (Jones 127-128). Another use of contingency management to help treat women who face substance abuse during pregnancy is the therapeutic workplace. Women who show results of an absence of drugs earn rewards for work related performance. In the article Evidence-Based Drug Treatment Practice and the Child Welfare System: The Example of Methadone   it makes note of the outcomes of this management program and states Over 3 years, therapeutic-work-place participants significantly increased cocaine abstinence relative to controls (54% and 28%) and opioid abstinence relative to controls (60% vs. 37%) (Lundgren 77). This demonstrates that contingency management can be an alternative to resulting to punishment for these women. This type of treatment is an incentive based program that can develop women to become substance free by eliminating those negative variables and incorporating positive variables in which women has some incentive to actually do well and try and help themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Instead of punishing women for using substances while pregnant, taking into considerations of what was previously mentioned could be a viable alternative. Some counterarguments to be made about this epidemic include the crime of fetal abuse and the delivery of drugs through the umbilical cord. Women are often being committed of crime or jailed, as well as losing custody of their children. Although this may be true, most women are far more capable of being great parents to their children if the appropriate treatment and care for these women are incorporated in their daily lives and this starts with the help of our policy makers and social workers who. As Arlene Bowers Andrews states in her novel Searching for Solutions to Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse during Pregnancy: Ethics, Values, and Constitutional Principles, she makes note that Women have long been disadvantaged in the provision of health care, particularly addictions treatment and obstetrical care (Andrews 57). The novel also mentions a statement provided by the NASW (National Association of Social Workers) Code of Ethics in which they state The social worker should act to ensure that all persons have access to the resources, services, and opportunities which they require.[and should act to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, with special regard for disadvantaged or oppressed groups and persons (NASW 10). Social workers play a critical role in the advancement of care for women facing substance abuse during pregnancy. And the best way to advocate for this is by organizing all-inclusive care for their clients. With the epidemic of substance abuse during pregnancy, many would think the mother should be held accountable for her actions of fetal abuse and delivering irregular substances to the fetus. This opportunity should be taken as a way to encompass social values and while doing so implementing treatment programs such as contingency management that would result in a desired professional and safe environment for mothers who are willingly open to acknowledge their problem. By increasing the amount of non-drug reinforces that are positive and decreasing the reinforces that are positive stemming from substance abuse we can observe women to be less dependent upon substance abuse as a positive reinforcement and instead rely more upon things that are much less detriment to the health of the mother and the fetus such as prescribed medication and therapy and getting augmented treatment with professionals. Works Cited Andrews, Arlene Bowers, and Elizabeth G. Patterson. Searching for Solutions to Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse during Pregnancy: Ethics, Values, and Constitutional Principles. Social Work, vol. 40, no. 1, 1995, pp. 55–64. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23718350. Jones, Hendree E. Drug Addiction during Pregnancy: Advances in Maternal Treatment and Understanding Child Outcomes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 15, no. 3, 2006, pp. 126–130. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20183094 Lundgren, Lena M., et al. Evidence-Based Drug Treatment Practice and the Child Welfare System: The Example of Methadone. Social Work, vol. 50, no. 1, 2005, pp. 53–63. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23721299. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Trends Statistics. NIDA, 24 Apr. 2017, www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics.

Should Animal Testing Be Used For Medical Purposes Essay

Should animal testing be used only for medical purposes in New Zealand? By Jihad Mohd Erfino Introduction: Animal testing is one of the most controversial scientific issues debated around the world. It questions the right of wild animals to be used in commercial, cosmetics and even for medical research purposes. Although it happens in most of the world (including New Zealand) today, many question whether it should go on. Animal testing is generally the use of animals for different purposes in lab conditions. Brief history of animal testing and achievements: â€Å"Animal testing has existed since the 2nd century BCE through the work of Greek scientist Aristotle† (Animal testing- Wikipedia). He was the first one to have made experiments on live animals. The first animal testing experiments was to find out how our bodies work. For example, the discovery of blood circulation in mammals was discovered in the 12th century by Arabic scientist Ibn Al-Nafis and this was refined later in the 17th century by William Harvey. Animal testing has also played a vital role in human medical advances. It has helped developed vaccines to cure diseases such as polio which has almost been eradicated. It has also have helped humans to have a better understanding of our bodily mechanisms, function and several diseases. Some diseases that cannot be cured yet can be treated better due to animal testing discoveries. 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Environmental Issues Faced By Australians †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What is the Environmental Issues Faced By Australians? Answer: Introduction The report focuses on understanding the different types of environmental issues faced by Australians with the different types of strategies undertaken by the Australian government to counter its impacts. It would further focus on understanding the manner in which the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is generated for a specific program that is approved by the New South Wales (NSW) government. The report would subsequently highlight on the different changes that can be rendered to the existing process concerning EIA with also the development of an EIA for a specific development program. Environmental Issues faced by Australians The key environmental issues that are being faced by the future generations of Australia are highlighted as under. Allocation of Freshwater and also Storage of water resources in dry areas have become as a potential environmental issue faced by Australians. Competition in demands regarding that of irrigation activities and also in generation of hydroelectricity has further fuelled the conflict. The Australians are deeply impacted by a period of continuous drought from 1990s to 2010. Further, climate change activity reflects the generation of further scarcity in water resources along both South and the South Western management of Australia. Catching of marine fishes in Australia has invited potential conflicts and tends to affect future Australians. The conflict owes to the fact that catching of marine fishes has potentially affected the habitat concerning other bycatch species like dolphins, seals, turtles and even seabirds. An effective quota is generated by the Australian government regarding marine fishing which in turn is taken to affect the seafood industry in the region(Byrne et al., 2014). Similarly, increased growth of mining, drilling for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and also mining for Coal Seam Gas (CSG) have generated needed environmental impacts in the Australian region. Coal and CSG mining activity being targeted at farming areas and also in the vicinity of towns and cities create further problem. The same has contributed in creating conflicts between farmers and environmentalist groups with that of commercial mining agencies. Continual change in the political scenario both along the regional and national framework in Australia is observed to have affected the implementation of the climate change policies that were identified by one government. The same has affected the mitigation efforts in the region regarding countering of environmental impacts(Hobday McDonald, 2014). Means of tackling environmental issues The issue concerning the failure in allocation and storage of water resources in Australia are focused on being tackled through the introduction of desalination technology that is linked to generation of a borehole. The same would help in extracting fresh water from brackish water resources in Australia amounting to the generation of around 113,000 cubic metres of fresh water for irrigation and other purposes(Municipal , 2016). Development of effective ecosystems is identified as an effective solution undertaken by the Australian government for protecting the fisheries in the region. Effective harvesting strategies concerning fisheries are being shared by the government with the fisheries for aiding in effective catches. Application of the ecosystem model pertaining to Atlantis marine and rated by the United Nations is observed as a key approach for protecting the fisheries. Creating innovative plans for rearing of species like bluefin tuna that would help in rebuilding the stock(CSIRO, 2017). Different types of government legislations are being put in force for effectively countering the impacts generated from mining of CSG and LNG gases in Australia. The CSG operating companies are prohibited from using different types of petroleum compounds like benzene and xylene as hydraulic fluids such that the same accounts to generation of toxicity. Further, the CSG operators are required to evaluate the quality and quantity of water in the bores before the operation and are required to monitor the impacts and generate adequate compensation thereof(Business Queensland , 2017). Different types of climate change policies like the development of fund for monitoring and reducing the level of carbon emissions, restoration of native forests and effective biodiversities, generation and enhanced use of renewable energy systems and also plying for international support regarding the implementation of the climate change policies are identified as key steps taken by the regional and national governments in Australia(Australian Government , 2017). Energy as an environmental issue It was estimated during 2012 that around 95 percent of the primary energy needs in Australia are generated through the use of fossil fuels. Potential problems faced by Australians concerning energy uses firstly owe to the fear of unavailability of needed energy resources for meeting the demands of diverse households and commercial sectors. Further, the Australian economy tends to be adversely affected by changes in oil prices and availability. Again, potential targets undertaken in reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases in the region are required to be rightly monitored for generating needed benefits. The Australian government focusing on meeting the objectives of Kyoto Protocol is required to continually focus on the development of renewable energy resources for protecting its natural resources and also in reducing greenhouse gas emissions(The Australian Collaboration , 2012). Steps required for a project approval requiring EIA in NSW The steps required for approval of a mining project in New South Wales concerning exploration of coal and CSG are generated as follows. -Need for ministerial consent for Accounting exploration of coal and other minerals and thereby gaining of a license. -Lodging and processing of the licensing application concerning petroleum and other like minerals. -Grant of exploration license from government agencies. -Development of consultation from community and landholders -Written agreements with landowners before starting with exploration activities. -Feasibility investigations concerning exploration and its impacts on environment -Presentation of the map for conceptual project development and implementation plan to the respective ministry in NW(NSW Planning and Environment , 2017). -Notification of the resources and energy in principle support for conducting of exploration activity. -Generation of a Gateway Certificate for assessment requirements concerning impact on environment -Issuance of the statement concerning Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) -Draft submission of Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for testing of its adequacy. -Exhibition of EIS by public and also from government and non-government agencies. -Application is evaluated and approved by the Minister of Planning -Approvals and licenses generated by NSW Government based agencies. -Final commencement of Mining Operations concerning coal and CSG(NSW Planning and Environment , 2017). Changing steps in the approval procedure Looking at the above prolonged and detailed steps concerning the approval of mining projects requiring EIA by the NSW Government the current government authority is thus focusing on passing a legislation that would support only a two-stage process. The 15 stage process is focused on being reduced only to two main stages that would involve community involvement for identification of potential issues concerning the approval and implementation of mining and other mineral exploration projects and subsequently the carrying out of needed enquiry by body like the Independent Planning Commission before making the needed determination(Martin Kennedy, 2015). The members of the Independent Planning Commission needed for making the enquiry are required to have needed qualifications concerning mining and exploration and also of statutes and legislations associated to such. The two stage process in respect of the fifteen stage process enumerated above is identified as having needed potential such that it focuses on the involvement of potential communities in taking of effective decisions concerning approval of mining projects. It would thus help in gaining of effective feedbacks from different communities that are identified to be affected through the conducting of the mining and exploration operations(McCarthy, 2017). Mode of overcoming the pitfalls of EIA Two major pitfalls concerning the effective implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) are identified as the failure in establishment of effective communication channels and also the decentralisation of the diverse set of responsibilities concerning the implementation of the EIA. Lack of effective communication structures regards to EIA implementation with also the lack of needed potential and also needed coordination between the parties involved in the execution of the EIA are identified to create potential problems. The above stated pitfall can be potentially overcome through the incorporation of effective human resources possessing required knowledge that would contribute in rightful implementation of the EIA. Further, effective training are required to be generated to the personnel for enhancing their knowledge potential and expertise for potentially communicating the project plan and guidelines and also in rightly executing the project. Effective communication would also entail in communicating the benefits of the EIA to different stakeholders(Glucker et al., 2013). Another major pitfall concerning the execution of the EIA was identified owing to the existence of larger regions where projects involving EIA are needed to be implemented. The effective implementation of the EIA in a decentralised fashion requires the identification of personnel, delegation of roles and thereby monitoring their tasks and conducts for contributing in the rightful execution of the project. Incorporation of experts are required to be carried out in the above regard such that potential coordination between the different experts would potentially contribute in the implementation of the project. Further, support provided by international agencies is encouraged in the above behalf for helping in the cultivation of needed awareness among the local communities for helping in the execution of the project activity(Khaliq et al., 2014). Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Protecting Environment The designing of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for a developmental cause like safeguarding the natural water resources in the Australian region is effectively generated through the development of the Preliminary Environment Assessment or PEA program. The same is reflected as follows. The above illustration reflects an integrated environmental assessment approach undertaken by an organisation for helping in the development of safe and protected water resources from the harmful environmental and toxic hazards. It reflects on the different stages that are required to be followed right from the inception of the project plan to its effective execution and also the incorporation of Preliminary Environment Assessment (PEA) guidelines thereof for monitoring and evaluation. Conclusions The report reflects on the different types of environmental issues that are being faced by the Australians in the current context. It also reflects and evaluates on the different strategies and tactics that are being undertaken by the Australian government for tackling potential environmental issues like growing scarcity of fresh water resources, problems faced by the marine fisheries, growth of coal and Coal Seam Gas (CSG) exploration and also drilling for LNG and finally the problem concerning the effective execution of different environmental and greenhouse gas policies owing to continual changes in the national governments. Further, it focuses on reflecting on the different stages concerning the development of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process for a specific program that is approved by the New South Wales (NSW) government. Changes that can be brought about in the existing process are also identified with finally the development of an EIA for a developmental cause l ike safeguarding of water projects. References Australian Government , 2017. The Australian Government's action on climate change. [Online] Available at: https://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/publications/fact-sheet-australian-governments-action-climate-change [Accessed 28 August 2017]. Business Queensland , 2017. CSG-LNG legislation. [Online] Available at: https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/mining-energy-water/resources/land-environment/regulatory-framework/legislation [Accessed 28 August 2017]. Byrne, J., Sipe, N. Dodson, J., 2014. Australian Environmental Planning: Challenges and Future Prospects. New York : Routledge. CSIRO, 2017. Sustaining Australian fisheries. [Online] Available at: https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/OandA/Areas/Marine-resources-and-industries/Sustaining-Australian-fisheries [Accessed 28 August 2017]. Glucker, A.N., Driessen, P.P.J. Kolhoff, A., 2013. Public participation in environmental impact assessment: why, who and how? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 43, pp.104-11. Hobday, A.J. McDonald, J., 2014. Environmental Issues in Australia. Annual Review of Environment and Resource, 39, pp.1-28. Khaliq, A., Rhamdhani, M.A. Brooks, G., 2014. Metal Extraction Processes for Electronic Waste and Existing Industrial Routes: A Review and Australian Perspective. Reource , 3(1), pp.152-79. Martin, P. Kennedy, A., 2015. Implementing Environmental Law. United Kingdom : Edward Elgar Publishing. McCarthy, J., 2017. Hunter mine approvals will be quicker under proposed planning law changes. [Online] Available at: https://www.theherald.com.au/story/4393414/planning-proposals-offer-faster-mine-approvals/ [Accessed 28 August 2017]. Municipal , 2016. Creation of New Water from saline aquifer. [Online] Available at: https://www.waterscarcitysolutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/A-Creation-of-New%20Water-from-saline-aquifers.pdf [Accessed 28 August 2017]. NSW Planning and Environment , 2017. NSW Major Mining Project Development Assessment and Approval Process. [Online] Available at: https://www.resourcesandenergy.nsw.gov.au/miners-and-explorers/applications-and-approvals/mining-and-exploration-in-nsw/project-approvals/mining-project-development [Accessed 28 August 2017]. The Australian Collaboration , 2012. Energy issues in Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.australiancollaboration.com.au/pdf/FactSheets/Energy-issues-FactSheet.pdf [Accessed 28 August 2017].

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